Effect of Khat Chewing and Smoking on Estrogen,Calcium and Lipid profile in Premenopausal Womenin Sana'a City
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65693/irss.2022.v3i1.260Keywords:
Premenopausal Women, Khat ChewingAbstract
Background: Khat Chewing is a common habit among Yemenis. People chew Khat
to get psychstimulation effect in the form of euphoria and excitement resulting from
the cathinone contents. Smoking is recognized among the risk factors for
osteoporosis. Effect of khat chewing and smoking were previously studied to
investigate its effect on hormones and some minerals .Estrogens are steroid Sex
hormones play a key role in women’s health. High circulating levels of estrogens
are associated with an increased risk of breast and endometrial cancer in
premenopausal women. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body, and is
very essential for many activities in the body. Lipid profile refers to the levels of
total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density
lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG).
Objective: This study is aimed to assess the effects of Khat Chewing and Smoking
on Estrogen, Calcium and Lipid profile levels in premenopausal women in Sana'a
city with a compared to non- Khat chewer's and non-Smokers .
Methods: Total of one hundred samples were collected from premenopausal women
in Sanaa city. Fifty samples were smokers and khat chewers women (Study Group)
and 50 samples were non-smokers and a non Khat Chewers women (Control Group),
to determine calcium, lipid profile and estrogen levels using ELASA by MAGLUMI
for estrogen and Fully-auto chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) analyzer by
BECKMAN COULTER for calcium and lipid profile
Result: There were no significantly difference in Estrogen (p-value = 0.216),
Calcium (p-value = 0.125), and lipid profile including TC (p-value = 0.262), TG (pvalue = 0.062), HDL (p-value = 0.926) while LDL was significantly increased (pvalue = 0,0259) in Khat chewers and smokers when compared with non-Khat
chewers and smokers.
Abstract
IX
Conclusion: This study showed that the serum Estrogen non-significant decreased
in study group with compared to control ones. Calcium, Total Cholesterol,
Triglyceride and High-density lipoprotein (HDL) showed non-significant
differences in Khat chewers and smokers' premenopausal woman as compared to
non-Khat chewers and Smokers premenopausal woman, however serum Lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL) was significantly increased in Khat chewers and Smokers
premenopausal woman as compared to non-Khat chewers and Smokers
premenopausal woman.
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