Prevalence of Hepatitis B and Associated Risk Factors to Control Vertical Transmission Among Pregnant Women Attending The Governmental Hospitals in Sana’a, City 2023.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65693/irss.2024.v5i1.167Keywords:
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Sero-prevalence, Pregnant Women, Risk Factors, Vertical Transmission, Mother-to-Child Transmission (MTCT), Governmental Hospitals, Sana'a, Yemen.Abstract
إليك النص الكامل والحرّف للملخص باللغة الإنجليزية (English Abstract) كما ورد في ملف أطروحة التخرج المرفق "بحث (2).pdf":
English AbstractBackground of study Hepatitis B is infectious disease caused by DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) viruses grouped under hepadnavirus type that contains a core of DNA enveloped by surface glycoproteins. The mood of transmission of HBV varies according to the geographic local. so there is a high prevalence of the prenatal transmission in the regions of the world during the childbirth a representing 90% of cases, and 10% is transmitted horizontally. HBV has a prolonged incubation period that estimates (from 2 weeks to 26 weeks), most people don't experience any symptoms when they are newly infected. however some people have acute illness with symptoms that last several weeks, including jaundice, dark urine, nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain so people with acute hepatitis b can develop acute liver failure. the full recovery is made by adult with 90-95% following acute HBV infection. 5-10% develop a chronic hepatitis b infection that usually lasts for life. It's not possible on clinical ground to differentiate hepatitis b from hepatitis caused by other viral agent. Hence the laboratory confirmation is essential. and several blood tests are available to diagnosis, and to monitor and distinguish acute and chronic infected patient.
Objectives The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of hepatitis b and it's associated risk factors to control vertical transmission among pregnant women attending the governmental hospitals in Sana'a, 2023.
Methods the a cross sectional study was conducted among pregnant women attending delivery rooms in AL-Thawrah, AL-Sabeen and AL-Gumhouri hospitals in Sana'a, Yemen. to determine the sero-prevalence of hepatitis B infection and associated risk factors, the sample size of the target population was calculated to include 384 Yemeni pregnant women attending the delivery rooms at the study place. the sample size was determined by using single population proportion formula. pregnant women attending hospital to deliver were consecutively enrolled until the sample size reached the saturation point. data was collected by using a close-ended questionnaire. they included the following socio-demographic characteristics: age, residence, education level, occupation, marital status, parity, and risk factors and medical history. a blood specimen was collected for detecting of HBeAg from HBsAg carrier women data were coded and entered into SPSS version 21.0 for descriptive and inferential statistical analysis.
Results The overall prevalence of hepatitis B was (3.2%), the vast majority of participants 99.7% were married, more than 36.1%, of the target pregnant women had basic education, 67.3% of them were housewives, 33.2% of pregnant women have had a medical history of taken vaccination to HBV. While only 20.2% of the participants have had a history of blood transfusion and 42.0% of the participants have had a history surgery, more than half 37.0% of them have had a history of dental procedures, only 1,3% of participant have had a history of dialysis. The positivity of prevalence for HBsAg was: about 5.4% among the age group 30 years and above, about 5.09% were illiterate, about 2.2% were married regarding marital status, and 5.7% were housewife Regarding the overall sero-prevalence of HBsAg only 3.2% of the participating pregnant women had a positive sero-prevalence of HBsAg. The prevalence of HBsAg was about 5.0% among the pregnant women who had a history of dental process The prevalence of HBsAg was about 4.5% among the pregnant women who had a history of surgery, the prevalence of HBsAg was about 2.6% among the pregnant women who had a history of blood transfusion. About 16.7% of positive HBsAg women have had a positive HBeAg and about 33.3% of positive HBsAg women have had a vaccine and immunoglobulin for her child.
Conclusions The sero-prevalence of hepatitis B infection was 3.2% which had a moderate severity among pregnant women who attended the governmental hospital according to WHO. The prevalence of HBeAg among positive HBsAg pregnant women was 16.7% which means that infectivity status was low. The prophylaxis treatment to prevent mother to child transmission was done in 33.30% of positive HBsAg pregnant women. there is statistically significant association between the sero-prevalence of HBV infection and low income among pregnant women who participated in the study at (P-value>0.05). there is no statistically significant association between the sero-prevalence of HBV infection and other Demographic Characteristics among pregnant women who participated in the study. There is statistically significant association between the sero-prevalence of HBV infection and history of blood transfusions of pregnant women at level (P-value >.005).
Recommendations
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To Introduce Routine Screening To Include All Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic In Health Centers Or Hospital During Antenatal Period.
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Using Standard Infection Control To All Risk Factors Such As Blood Transfusion And Surgery.
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Using Of HBV Infection Vaccine And Immunoglobulin To All Newborn With Positive HBsAg Mother To Prevent Vertical Transmission.
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Introducing Antiviral Therapy In Pregnant Women Who Had HBeAg Positive To Reduce Vertical Transmission.
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Early Case Detection And Proper Treatment, Especially If The Pregnant Women Have Jaundice.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Nasser Saood، Kamal AL-Himyari، AL-Motasembellah AL-Sharabey، Hesham Talhan، Pakr Bajr، Mohammed AL-Najjar، Mohammed AL-Shebani، Ahmed AL-Shahethi، Samir AL-Hakimi (المؤلف)
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