Prevalence of Dandruff among 21 September University Students & Assessment of Self-Esteem among Students Suffering from Dandruff

Abstract

Background & Objectives: Dandruff is a common scalp condition affecting people worldwide, particularly post-puberty. It is characterized by flaking and itching and is driven by causes like dry skin, fungal infection (Malassezia), or sensitive hair products. While understudied in medical students, its incidence is thought to be elevated due to stress and long work hours, potentially impacting self-esteem and social comfort. This study aimed to assess the epidemiology/prevalence of dandruff among students at 21 September University and evaluate its psychological impact and effect on self-esteem.

​Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in November 2022 at 21 September University for Medical and Applied Sciences (Sana'a, Yemen). A convenient sample of 374 medical students across various faculties (Medicine, Clinical Pharmacy, Laboratories, Nursing, Medical Administration, and Health Center) completed an Arabic self-administered electronic questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24 and Microsoft Excel using Chi-square and ANOVA tests.

​Results: The overall prevalence of dandruff was 81% (303/374). Prevalence was slightly higher among females (88.5% or 53.6% of the total affected cohort depending on classification) compared to males (76.5%). Social embarrassment was reported by 73.3% of affected students (19.5% marked, 53.8% slight). No statistically significant association was found between dandruff prevalence and residential area (rural vs. urban), seasonal changes, frequency of showering, or the type of shampoo/soap used.

​Conclusion: Over two-thirds of medical students suffer from dandruff. While it causes social embarrassment due to visible flaking and itching, it does not lead to severe negative self-esteem or major psychological pathology. Increasing shower frequency helped reduce dandruff severity, though the condition demonstrates high recurrence despite treatment.